Health protection situational awareness (HPSA) report
Health Protection Situational Awareness
PHA Health Protection
2025-11-27
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NI Situational Awareness Summary
| Disease/Situation | Trend | Summary | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 | Episodes, positivity, and admissions decreased. Admissions similar compared to the same period in the previous season. | View report | |
| Influenza | Episodes, positivity, and admissions increased. Admissions higher compared to the same period in the previous season. | View report | |
| RSV | Episodes, positivity, and admissions have remained stable. Admissions lower compared to the same period in the previous season. | View report | |
| Trend is selected based on the trajectory of the majority of indicators for a given pathogen | |||
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Horizon Scanning
| Disease/Incident | Location | Situation Overview | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mpox clade I | Global | Clade I Mpox outbreak has primarily been focused within multiple African countries. In recent weeks, locally-acquired cases of clade Ib mpox have been reported in Italy, Malaysia, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the USA, with no connection to countries with known clade Ib mpox transmission. | View report |
| Mpox clade I | Global | UKHSA has reported that most new clade Ib Mpox cases in Europe and the USA have been in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, a population in which clade Ib mpox transmission has not previously been observed. | View report |
| Mpox clade I & clade II | United Kingdom | Up to 31 October 2025, there is a total of 19 Clade Ib Mpox cases reported in the UK. From 01 January 2023 to 31 October 2025, a total of 626 cases of Mpox clade IIb reported in the UK. Of these, 578 were in England, 26 were in Scotland, 13 were in Wales, and 9 were in Northern Ireland. | View report |
| Culex modestus | United Kingdom | Culex modestus, a primary vector of West Nile virus (WNV) in Europe, has been detected at new locations in the UK. Further detections of Cx. modestus were made between June and October 2024 highlighting ongoing range expansion in the UK. | View report |
| Diphtheria | African region | On 21 November 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported on the outbreak of diphtheria across the African Region. Between 1 January 2025 and 2 November 2025, 20,412 diphtheria cases (9,864 confirmed cases) including 1,252 deaths (case fatality rate of 6%) have been reported across 8 countries in the region (Algeria, Chad, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, and South Africa). | View report |
| Measles and rubella elimination | Multi-country | On 17 November 2025, the WHO verified the elimination of measles and rubella in Cabo Verde, Mauritius and Seychelles. | View report |
| Avian influenza(H5N5) | USA | A Grays Harbor County resident who was undergoing treatment for H5N5 avian influenza died. Testing identified the virus as H5N5, making this the first recorded infection with this variant in a person globally. The risk to the public remains low. | View report |
| Influenza(H3N2) | EU | Threat Assessment Brief: Assessing the risk of influenza for the EU/EEA in the context of increasing circulation of A(H3N2) subclade K. | View report |
| Influenza(H3N2) | Ireland | Influenza A(H3) accounted for the majority of subtyped influenza A viruses during the season to date. Of 19 influenza A(H3N2) samples sequenced by the National Virus Reference Laboratory, 16 fall into the new subclade K. | View report |
| Legionella | Italy | A suspected outbreak of Legionella has been identified in Milan's San Siro district, specifically in the Rembrandt Street neighborhood, with 11 confirmed cases reported as of 17 Nov 2025. One person has died, and eight others are currently hospitalized with complications from the infection (link in Italian but can be translated). | View report |
| Botulism | United States | A multistate infant botulism outbreak was reported by US authorities in November 2025 and linked to consumption of contaminated infant formula (ByHeart Whole Nutrition Infant Formula). As of 19 November 2025, there have been 31 confirmed or suspected cases in infants across 15 states, all hospitalised, no deaths reported. The product has been recalled with risk in the EU/EEA restricted to any individual consumers who may have bought the product online. | View report |
The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of selected surveillance metrics in the form of a situational awareness summary. Horizon scanning provides information on emerging situations that can impact public health including local, national and global events.